Dram is followed by a straight tusked female (and several calves) who appears to be Qapella. We see a young tuskless female, Dram, come in from the left Rumbling with an Open-Mouth and Rapid-Ear-Flapping as she moves to join Amparo. This is very intricate behavior to try to annotate and we have only marked some of the behaviors that occur during a Mating-Pandemonium.Īs Amparo begins her Estrous-Song with a series of Open-Mouthed Estrous-Rumbles that are associated with Rapid-Ear-Flapping members of her family Rumble and Social-Trumpet overlapping their calls with hers. It appears to be a successful Mating and we hear the start of a Mating-Pandemonium as her family rushes to the scene. Then we hear her emit a series of Estrous-Running-Rumbles and two Estrous-Roars as she is caught and Mounted by Esau. We hear her bond-group Rumbling and Social-Trumpeting in excitement in the background. She Tail-Swats to monitor how close Esau is. Esau tries Reaching-Over but she keeps running. ![]() Mating-Pandemonium Context: Advertisement & Attraction (1)Īmparo is Chased by Esau and other males. This behavioral constellation includes the following behaviors: Defecating, Estrous-Roar, Estrous-Song, Eyes-Wide, Head-Raising, Musth-Rumble, Open-Mouth, Open-Mouth-to-Open-Mouth, Pirouette, Rapid-Ear-Flapping, Roar, Rumble-Roar-Rumble, Sniff-Semen, Social-Trumpet, Tail-Raising, Temporin, Trunk-to-Genitals, Trunk-to-Mouth, Tusk-Clank, Urinating, Rumble, Estrous-Running-Rumble, Estrous-Rumble, Run-Toward and occurs in the following context(s): Advertisement & Attraction, Courtship References: Poole 1982 Poole 1987b Poole et al. The Mating-Pandemonium is a form of Bonding-Ceremony and may include High-Fiving. Females may turn toward the male, reaching their trunks to touch his penis or his semen on the ground, or to touch one another, and, then, turn rapidly outward in a kind of Pirouette (away from the male probably to ensure long-distance advertisement of availability of the oestrus female) and again, while Head-Raising, Ear-Lifting and Rapid-Ear-Flapping, continue to call. Their calls are associated with Rapid-Ear-Flapping and the aroused participants may Urinate and Defecate in excitement. Females streaming with Temporin, engage in Open-Mouth vocalising, calling with powerful Mating-Pandemonium-Rumbles, Roars, and Social-Trumpets while Head-Raising, Ear-Lifting and Tail-Raising. ![]() It is our hope that this book will stimulate interest in the general field of geomicrobiology and encourage others to explore microbial processes as applied to the Earth.A mated female’s relatives and companions joining her in calling and displaying following a mating. Information in these chapters enhances our fundamental knowledge of geomicrobiology that contributes to the exploitation of microbial functions in mineral and environmental biotechn- ogy applications. While this book summarizes current knowledge in various areas, it also reveals unresolved questions that require future investigations. Recent developments in so-called ‘omics’ technologies, including (meta) genomics and (meta)proteomics, and isotope labeling methods allow new insights into the function of microbial community members and their possible geological impact. A major component of this book addresses molecular techniques to evaluate microbial evolution and assess relationships of microbes in complex, natural c- munities. ![]() As the field of geomicrobiology developed, it has become highly interdisciplinary and this book provides a review of the recent developments in a cross section of topics including origin of life, microbial-mineral interactions and microbial processes functioning in marine as well as terrestrial environments. In assessing these microbial functions, scientists have explored short- and longterm geological changes attributed to microorganisms and developed new approaches to evaluate the physiology of microbes including microbial interaction with the geological environment. The interaction of microorganisms with geological activities results in processes influencing development of the Earth’s geo- and biospheres.
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